Capital Punishment Essay: Incidental Issues :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Incidental Issues and Capital Punishment      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This essay gives consideration to some of the incidental issues in the death penalty debate: cost, relative suffering, brutalization, and others.    Many nondecisive issues are associated with capital punishment. Some believe that the monetary cost of appealing a capital sentence is excessive (1). Yet most comparisons of the cost of life imprisonment with the cost of life imprisonment with the cost of execution, apart from their dubious relevance, are flawed at least by the implied assumption that life prisoners will generate no judicial costs during their imprisonment. At any rate, the actual monetary costs are trumped by the importance of doing justice.    Others insist that a person sentenced to death suffers more than his victim suffered, and that this (excess) suffering is undue according to the lex talionis (rule of retaliation) (2). We cannot know whether the murderer on death row suffers more than his victim suffered; however, unlike the murderer, the victim deserved none of the suffering inflicted. Further, the limitations of the lex talionis were meant to restrain private vengeance, not the social retribution that has taken its place. Punishment-- regardless of the motivation-- is not intended to revenge, offset, or compensate for the victim's suffering, or to measured by it. Punishment is to vindicate the law and the social order undermined by the crime. This is why a kidnapper's penal confinement is not limited to the period for which he imprisoned his victim; nor is a burglar's confinement meant merely to offset the suffering or the harm he caused his victim; nor is it meant only to offset the advantage he gained (3).    Another argument heard at least since Beccaria (4) is that, by killing a murderer, we encourage, endorse, or legitimize unlawful killing. Yet, although all punishments are meant to be unpleasant, it is seldom argued that they legitimize the unlawful imposition of identical unpleasantness. Imprisonment is not thought to legitimize kidnapping; neither are fines thought to legitimize robbery. The difference between murder and execution, or between kidnapping and imprisonment, is that the first is unlawful and undeserved, the second a lawful and deserved punishment for an unlawful act. The physical similarities of the punishment to the crime are irrelevant. The relevant difference is not physical, but social (5).    We threaten punishments in order to deter crime. We impose them not only to make the threats credible but also as retribution (justice) for the crimes that were not deterred.

Communication Styles Worksheet Essay

You spent the past few days exploring the resources available to students at University of Phoenix, and you want to share what you learned with a friend who is interested in enrolling.  Write a 150- to 200-word e-mail to your friend summarizing the resources available to students. Hi,  I wanted to follow up with you on the conversation we had last night about you attending University of Phoenix. There are many resource’s available to help you with reaching your goals. To start there is the CWE (Center for Writing Excellence). It has a wealth of information and guides to help you with grammar and writing. There is also the program Riverpoint Writer which will actually take your information and turn into a well formatted paper. It will even help with quotes and references and turn them into properly formatted citations. The University also has the plagiarism checker which will review your papers and help you to avoid plagiarism. Last but certainly not least there is WritePoint. When you finish writing your papers and before you turn them in you can send them to Write Point. This is just like having your very own proofreader available any time day or night. The program will actually add suggestions to your paper to let you know what needs to be fixed or help you make changes to have them sound better. All of these programs are available to all students starting the day you enroll. Hope this helps in you decision! You asked your facilitator to review your e-mail draft. She liked what you wrote and asked you to write a summary to post in the class forum for the other students to read.  Write a 150- to 200-word summary for your class of the resources available to students. Remember to write using an academic tone. The University of Phoenix has many resources available to students to help be successful in continuing their education. For example the Center for writing excellence (CWE) is found in the University’s online library. This is a tool that helps students become better writers. It has many programs such as Plagarisism Checker which will review your writing for any possible palgarisism and guarantee you turn in original work. There is also WritePoint which will review your writing and give feedback on how to improve your paper. Riverpoint writer is another good tool to help students learn to format in the APA style. Another useful program is the Center for Mathematics Excellence which is also found in the online library. This program has many tutorials, videos, and practice problems to help students become more comfortable with mathematics. There is also the building mathematics confidence which students can use to become reacquainted with math before starting their first mathematics class.

A Hidden Ocean Might Exist Under Ganymedes Icy Surface

When you think about the Jupiter system, you think of a gas giant planet. It has major storms whirling around in the upper atmosphere. Deep inside, its a tiny rocky world surrounded by layers of liquid metallic hydrogen. It also has strong magnetic and gravitational fields that could be obstacles for any kind human exploration. In other words, an alien place.   Jupiter just doesnt seem like the kind of place that would also have tiny water-rich worlds orbiting around it.   Yet, for at least two decades, astronomers have suspected that the tiny moon Europa had subsurface oceans. They also think that  Ganymede has at least one (or more) oceans as well.  Now, they have strong evidence for a deep saline ocean there. If it turns out to be real, this salty subsurface sea could have more than all the water on Earths surface. Discovering Hidden Oceans How do astronomers know about this ocean? The latest findings were made using the Hubble Space Telescope to study Ganymede. It has an icy crust and a rocky core. What lies between that crust and core have intrigued astronomers for a long time. This is the only moon in the entire solar system that is known to have its own magnetic field. Its also the largest moon in the solar system. Ganymede also has an ionosphere, which is lit up by magnetic storms called aurorae. These are mainly detectable in ultraviolet light.   Because aurorae are controlled by the moons magnetic field (plus the action of Jupiters field), astronomers came up with a way to use the motions of the field to look deep inside Ganymede. (Earth also has aurorae, called informally the northern and southern lights).   Ganymede orbits its parent planet embedded in Jupiters magnetic field. As Jupiters magnetic field changes, the Ganymedean aurora also rock back and forth. By watching the rocking motion of the aurorae, astronomers were able to figure out that theres a large amount of salt water beneath the crust of the moon.The saline-rich water suppresses some of the influence that Jupiters magnetic field has on Ganymede, and that is reflected in the motion of the aurorae.   Based on Hubble data and other observations, scientists estimate the ocean is 60 miles (100 kilometers) deep. Thats about ten times deeper than Earths oceans. It lies under an icy crust thats about 85 miles thick (150 kilometers). Beginning in the 1970s, planetary scientists suspected the moon might have a magnetic field, but they didnt have a good way to confirm its existence. They finally got information about it when the  Galileo spacecraft took brief snapshot measurements of  the magnetic field in 20-minute intervals. Its observations were too  brief to distinctly catch the cyclical rocking of the oceans secondary  magnetic field. The new observations could only be  accomplished with a space telescope high above Earths atmosphere, which  blocks most ultraviolet light. The Hubble  Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which is sensitive to ultraviolet light given off by the auroral activity on Ganymede, studied the aurorae in great detail.    Ganymede was discovered in 1610 by astronomer Galileo Galilei. He spotted it in January of that year, along with three other moons: Io, Europa, and Callisto. Ganymede was first imaged up-close by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979, followed by a visit from Voyager 2 later that year.  Since that time, it has been studied by the Galileo and New Horizons missions, as well as Hubble Space Telescope and many ground-based observatories.The search for water on worlds such as Ganymede is part of a larger exploration of worlds in the solar system that could be hospitable to life.   There are now several worlds, besides Earth, that could (or are confirmed) to have water: Europa, Mars, and Enceladus (orbiting Saturn). In addition, the dwarf planet Ceres is thought to have a subsurface ocean.