Film Comparative Analysis

Film Comparative Analysis â€Å"The general response following the screening was a distinct realization that nobody is above the law, and that the stereotypes associated with the â€Å"cono† nearly left Larranaga guilty as mistakenly charged. † (Syjuco, 2012) There is no justice, when innocent men are in jail; this is the main idea that the two films have in common. With this, let us ask ourselves, â€Å"Is there really something wrong with the Philippine and Texas justice system? Are we to admit that it is a corrupt system that we have? These two films will leave our eyes wide opened to the truth or if not, to the flaws and corruptions in the justice system, not only of our own country, but also that of the others. I. Background Give Up Tomorrow The documentary film is about a Filipino-Spanish student named Paco Larranaga, who was sentenced to death in 2004 for the double murder and rape of Chiong sisters (Marijoy and Jacqueline) in 1997. This is the story of what we now know as the Chiong Murder Case, a cebu scandal of the century.Two Chiong sisters go missing on July 16, 1997. Larranaga was one, along with six other suspects who was pinpointed by the state witness, David Rusia. David Rusia is a convicted felon and was sentenced to prison twice in the United States for other crimes. As claimed by Rusia, he was with Larranaga in Ayala Center, Cebu early in the evening of July 16, that evening Larranaga says that he was at R&R Restaurant in Quezon City with his friends; such fact was proven by photographs and the testimonies of his friends.The defense presented thirty-five witnesses, including Larranaga’s teachers and classmates at the Center for Culinary Arts (CCA) in Quezon City, who all testified under oath that Larranaga was in Quezon City, when the crime is said to have taken place in Cebu. The trial court considered these testimonies irrelevant, rejecting these as coming from â€Å"friends of the accused,† and were not admitte d. The following are also evidences presented by the defense during trial — a)Larranaga, at that time was at a party at the R&R Restaurant along Katipunan Avenue, Quezon City, and stayed there until early morning the following day. )After the party, the logbook of the security guard at Larranaga's condominium indicates that Larranaga returned to his Quezon City condominium at 2:45 a. m. c)Rowena Bautista, an instructor and chef at the culinary center, said Larranaga was in school from 8 a. m. to 11:30 a. m. and saw him again at about 6:30 p. m on July 16. d)The school’s registrar, Caroline Calleja, said she proctored a two-hour exam where Larranaga was present from 1:30 p. m. Larranaga attended his second round of midterm exams on July 17 commencing at 8 a. m. Only then did Larranaga leave for Cebu in the late afternoon of July 17, 1997. )Airline and airport personnel also came to court with their flight records, indicating that Larranaga did not take any flight on Jul y 16, 1997, nor was he on board any chartered aircraft that landed in or departed from Cebu during the relevant dates, except the 5 p. m. PAL flight on July 17, 1997 from Manila to Cebu The aforementioned evidences did not prevent the conviction of Larranaga along with his six co-accused. The trial court judge, after rendering judgment against them, was found dead in a hotel in Cebu, and allegedly committed suicide.This unexpected event during the Chiong murder case was proven in the film to be part of the whole scheme of putting the blame on Larranaga, and concealing the truth of the facts with regard to the murder and rape of the Chion sisters. Larranaga, along with the other co-accused were sentenced to death, and appealed later on, but all of them were denied. Considering the Filipino-Spanish nationality of Larranaga, his family asked for help from the Spanish government. In September 2009, the Department of Justice approved Larranaga's transfer to a Spanish prison.Thelma Chiong , the mother of the victims, expressed shock over the decision, saying that, despite Larranaga's Spanish citizenship, â€Å"If you committed a crime in the Philippines, you are jailed in the Philippines,† despite the fact that this would constitute a breach of the treaty and thus of international law. Larranaga, escorted by two Spanish Interpol agents, left for Spain on October 6, 2009. His good behavior at the New Bilibid Prison was taken into consideration, and he will serve the rest of his sentence at the Madrid Central Penitentiary at Soto del Real. The Thin Blue LineThe film is an investigation into the 1976 murder of Dallas police officer Robert Wood. Harris testified that Adams had shot and killed Wood after their car had been pulled over on their way home from a movie. Adams claimed to know nothing of the murder, insisting that Harris had dropped him at his home two hours before it occurred. Local authorities believed Harris, and witnesses corroborated his story, lead ing to Adams’ conviction and a death sentence, (which was later on changed). Randall Adams recalls the events in detail: after running out of gas, he had been picked up by Harris in a stolen car.The two had gone to a movie where they drank beer and smoked marijuana, and this was the extent of their relationship. David Harris, on the other hand, also recalls the events of the evening in detail, but creates a much different impression. Adam’s defense attorneys thought that Harris was the killer, pointing to his past criminal record and other crimes committed the night of the murder. The film presents a series of interviews about the investigation and reenactments of the shooting, based on the testimony and recollections of Adams, Harris, and various witnesses and detectives. Two attorneys who epresented Adams at the trial where he was convicted of capital murder also appear: they suggest that Adams was charged with the crime despite the better evidence against Harris bec ause, as Harris was a juvenile, Adams alone of the two could be sentenced to death under Texas law. II. Similarities and Differences The two films both dealt on the fact that there is a corrupt justice system. That even an innocent man can be put into jail all for the sake of concealing the truth. This idea is very obvious in the films presented, that even a man of little knowledge with the law will doubt the guilt of both, Larranaga and Adams.The idea brought up by the filmmakers of both was a frame up or cover up which lead to the conviction of innocent people. The very controlling authorities in both were the police officers, the judge, and other executive officers of the government and to add, the media, influencing the course of the trial and the impression of the masses on the suspects. In both, police authorities were overwhelmed with the idea of having someone to put the blame for the murder of the victims. They were like heroes of the public for having solved the case and f ound a suspect. In which, it is very obvious that it was politically motivated.As one of the differences between the case of Larranaga and Adams, is that of having exhausted all administrative remedies. Larranaga, after being convicted in the trial court, appealed to the Supreme Court, but was not able to attain a favourable judgment. After such, taking into consideration of the dual citizenship of Larranaga, they asked for the help of Spanish government so that the death penalty be withdrawn and let him be transferred in Spain where he will serve his sentence. This however paved the way for the abolishment of death penalty by former Pres.Gloria Arroyo and the approval of Larranaga’s transfer. The cases of Larranaga and Adams both involved rights which were violated. As declared under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the following are those evidently violated in the course of the whole trial of the case, (a) Article 11, par. 1, (b) Article 9 and (c) Article 1 0. †¢Article 11, par. 1 Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.In light of this article which pertains to the right of an accused to be presumed innocent, Larranaga was outrightly charged as a criminal in the minds of the people, especially those of the Cebuanos, even before a trial was held. Aggravating this situation was the participation of the media from the start up to the end of the case, tagged as the â€Å"trial of the decade†. The impressions that were made by the police authorities and the media, contributed to the image of Larranaga as guilty of the crime charged.His identity was corroborated as a rich bad boy/gangster from a prominent family, in which the people presumed that they will make use of their resources to pay for witnesses and manipulate the whole case and avoid prosecution. As to the case of A dams, he was made fit to the image of a cop-killer as compared to Harris. The prosecution relied on the testimony of Harris that it was Adams who killed Wood, even before the start of the case, they knew already who to convict. The fact that Harris was a juvenile that time, made it more likely for Adams to commit the crime thus moving away from the presumption of his innocence. Article 9 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. The course of Larranaga’s arrest came swift and unexpected and appeared to him as kidnapping. The people who arrested him were all in civilian clothes, though they looked like policemen. They did not identify themselves when they arrested Larranaga, until they were asked by Larranaga’s sister. They unlawfully arrested Larranaga due to absence of warrant of arrest, in defense, they said that he committed a continuing crime.As to Adams’ case, he was taken into the custody of the police few days after the commission of the crime. He was forced to sign a document containing an admission that he was the one who murdered Wood. The policeman even threatened him with a pistol if he will not sign it. There is no sufficient cause for his guilt. †¢Article 10 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.The right to a fair and speedy trial was not accorded to Larranaga, first, the media had participated a lot in drawing the image of Larranaga as the criminal. The judge also showed his impartiality which was really unexplainable. After having refused to accept the testimonies of witnesses of Larranaga, preventing him to take the witness stand and rendered a judgment of double life imprisonment, the judge was found in a hotel dead. Through the series of events that had transpired, the fairness and impartiality of the trial cannot be said to be pres ent.As in the case of Adams, it cannot be said to have been a fair trial for him because the prosecution presented fake witnesses, in which the conviction was based. There is a biased judgment and inconsideration on the merits of the case. Adams was not able to defend himself, such conviction of him was predicated on the failure of his defense lawyer to clearly establish his innocence albeit all the frame-ups that had transpired. References: http://www. centerforsocialmedia. org/sites/default/files/documents/pages/interview_transciption_giveuptomorrow. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Thin_Blue_Line_(film)

Cdr Professional Engineer

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will need to download this page, complete it and lodge it with your application. Competency Element |A brief summary of how you have applied the element |Paragraph in the career episode(s) | | | |where the element is addressed | |PE1 KNOWLEDGE BASE | | | |PE1. Knowledge of science and engineering | | | |fundamentals | | | |PE1. 2 In-depth technical competence in at least | | | |one engineering discipline | | | |PE1. Techniques and resources | | | |PE1. 4 General Knowledge | | | |PE2 ENGINEERING ABILITY | | | |PE2. Ability to undertake problem identification,| | | |formulation, and solution | | | |PE2. 2 Understanding of social, cultural, global, | | | |and environmental responsibilities and the need to| | | |employ principles of sustainable development | | |PE2 . 3 Ability to utilise a systems approach to | | | |complex problems and to design and operational | | | |performance | | | |PE2. Proficiency in engineering design | | | |PE2. 5 Ability to conduct an engineering project | | | |PE2. 6 Understanding of the business environment | | | |PE3 PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES | | | |PE3. Ability to communicate effectively, with the| | | |engineering team and with the community at large | | | |PE3. 2 Ability to manage information and | | | |documentation | | | |PE3. Capacity for creativity and innovation | | | |PE3. 4 Understanding of professional and ethical | | | |responsibilities, and commitment to them | | | |PE3. Ability to function effectively as an | | | |individual and in multidisciplinary and | | | |multicultural teams, as a team leader or manager | | | |as well as an effective team member | | | |PE3. Capacity for lifelong learning and | | | |professional development | | | |PE3. 7 Professional Attitudes | | |

Models for Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models for Strategic Planning - Essay Example ss has given Apple a great deal of brand loyalty by important target markets as the company is able to develop meaningful and lasting interpersonal relationships with consumers (Goodson, 2011). The first strategic management model relevant to Apple, Inc. is Porter’s Five Forces model, a template by which an organization is able to understand the external market and the various threats that will impede or enhance future strategic success. This model recognizes five distinct threats, including threat of new competitive entrants, the level of bargaining power of consumers and suppliers, the degree of competitive rivalry in an industry, and threat of substitutes (see Appendix A). Apple utilizes this strategic management model to understand whether switching costs for consumers are high or low, which can lead to revenue declines when consumers select competing products (Porter, 2012). This model of strategic management allows the organizational leadership to examine whether new competitors in this industry will potentially seize market share and also serves as a template to observe the competitive marketing strategies being undertaken by main competitors. The Ansoff Matrix is a four-quadrant strategic management model that identifies opportunities for strategic market growth, including diversification, new market penetration, product development and market development (see Appendix A). This model is largely used to identify risks, allowing the business leaders to recognize where the organization is currently positioned and how it should expand to achieve the most effective revenue growth and competitive advantage. By understanding how to position the business for effective market growth, this model ensures proper allocation of financial and human capital resources in one quadrant area most likely to lead to profit gains. Both the Ansoff Matrix and Porter’s Strategic Management model recognize the importance of understanding the external market and competition to

Analyzing the The Ecchoing Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing the The Ecchoing Green - Essay Example When we are born and are in our childhood, it is the most wonderful time just like the beginning of a new day. Everything good and joyous happens in that part of the life. The rhythm of the first stanza is fast which show the happiness of children playing in the ground. If our life is divided into three parts i.e. childhood, middle-age and old age, the first part is the most wonderful and merry just like the first stanza of the poem. In the second stanza, the old people are explained who are watching the children play in the ground. They forget their problems for some time. Soon they remember the times when they were children as then they also played like them on grassy ground. This is applicable to real life in its true form. When a person becomes old, the simplest of things remind him of his good old days when he used to be a child. The poem shows how old people feel happy and spry as they watch the children at play. A feeling of sadness can be detected when they sigh, â€Å"Such, such were the joys† (Line 17). The joys of childhood are gone in later years. It is, however, pleasurable and also painful, in old age to remember childhood that can never return. The same ground, The Echoing Green, is used to describe the childhood of the old people which is now in their memory. The time element is changed while describing that. This time, the allegory takes us directly to the old age and into the thoughts of the old people who are thinking about the past and the poem takes us with them to the past. As the sun sets, the children desire to move to their homes. They are tired and want to rest like the â€Å"birds in their nests†(Line 27). The poem shows well how small boys and girls run, jump, play and shout on grassy ground. This is applicable to real life as all the things, good, or bad, have to come to an end. The ultimate reality of life is death. The words â€Å"And our sports have an end† (Line 23) very clearly express that

Writing class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing class - Essay Example ermine the types of technical writings done by biomedical engineers and the importance of technical writing in the field, I conducted interviews over the phone; I was lucky to interview a Biomedical Engineering Technical Assistant (BETA) with a 2 months experience in the job, a Design Engineer with a working experience of 3 years, and a systems engineer who had an experience spanning over 6 years. This paper presents the various technical writings done by the professionals in the 3 different levels as well as the importance of technical writing in the field. The BETA engages in different types of writing almost on a daily basis within the work environment (2, par 1). These ranges from emails, descriptive writing of various procedures, proposals, and technical handbooks, technical guides, and reports on primary or laboratory research (2, par 2). However, the writing of research reports is more common being done almost on a daily basis. For the Design Engineer, writing of technical guides, technical handbooks, evaluation reports, feasibility reports, and recommendation reports are common. Despite the many kinds of technical reports the Design Engineer is required to produce, feasibility reports are most common at this level. The Design Engineer produces almost a feasibility report on a weekly or two-week time as may be necessitated by circumstances. The Systems Engineer primarily focuses on preparation of reports that detail standard operating procedures regarding the operation of various systems, technical specification reports, descript ive reports, user manuals, troubleshooting guides, and white papers. While writing is rare at this level, the Systems Engineer confesses that user manuals are most common, and prepared almost on a monthly basis to guide lower level employees on the use of different software. The BETA admits that while he is required to write the many reports, it is somewhat challenging considering his limited experience in the job. Though not so

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement Essay

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement that principles of justice should be chosen under certain conditions. (Rawls) Is it a f - Essay Example One of such greatly influential political philosophers of the twentieth century was John Rawls, who is thought by many to be the most important political philosopher of his time in the whole English-speaking world. More specifically, Rawls, influenced by such liberal and legal theorists as Isaiah Berlin and Herbert L. A. Hart, is widely known as the author of the almost revolutionary work "A Theory of Justice" (1971) in which he erased disciplinary lines and elaborated views which resurrected the academic interest to political philosophy. In fact, Rawls obtained the unique position among modern political philosophers as he is often referred to by politicians and in the courts. One of the main achievements of Rawls was his formulation of the two famous principles of justice as a proper solution of problems of distributive justice, which is preoccupied with determination of justice in the field of the allocation of goods and benefits within a society (Talisse, 2001, pp.3-22). However, there is a criticism of the approach of Rawls which, among other things, claims that Rawls cannot prove all the assumptions on which he builds his theory of justice. Let us take a closer look at the Rawls` principles of justice, and try to see whether the mentioned objection to Rawls constitutes a fatal one for his theory of justice. The main task of Rawls` "A Theory of Justice" was to offer a satisfying interpretation of the notion of political obligation under which citizens are compelled to follow the rules created by the state. While views of Rawls can be generally attributed to the rich social contract tradition, for him such a contract assumes a peculiar form as Rawls states that the social contract can be truly just if every member of society would agree with its terms without knowing beforehand which social position he or she would adopt. To prove his case, Rawls starts off his line of reasoning with mounting of a hypothetical case with which he attempts to show a possible

History What if Phase 5 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History What if Phase 5 IP - Essay Example The Allies and the Axis were reluctant to follow any line that risked running into the antagonism of the other for fear of alienating their ally and therefore endangering one of the precepts of their distant policies. In an epoch of growing international anxiety and doubt, the Germany remained one of the few relatively sure supports upon which they could depend on (Adams, 2007). Certainly, in the formulation and conduct of international war policy the significance attached to the views and position of the other was considerable, indeed the contacts and discussions between them were often decisive. The history of the World War II suggests that the greatest impact this war had in African and Asian countries through the processes of decolonization and modernization coming to these geographical regions (McGowen, 2002). In spite of great evils caused by the war, many developing countries became independent immediately after the end of the war, but the war changed the national consciousness and self-determination of the nations. For either to be successful the co-operation of their partner was considered imperative.

Engineering Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering Materials - Essay Example The major cause of McKinley's bid being rejected could be derived from their negligence to use the revised form. This negligence caused irregularity and that caused the department of agriculture to reject their bid. On appealing against the rejection of their bid, the panel of appeal also threw out the appeal because they were not sure if McKinley had indeed committed to the exact terms of the addendum sent to it by the department of agriculture. In my opinion, I will describe McKinley as being negligent and say that the department of agriculture was right in throwing out McKinley's bid, as it is indeed irregular. The panel that heard the appeal filed by McKinley was also right to reject the case brought before it by McKinley. Irregularity in bid documents cause problems for the party that receives the bid as the commitment of the bidding party to the terms of the bid cannot be determined, and this can lead to complicated litigations. That is why bid irregularity in my opinion should not be waived For not using the new bid form sent to it in the addendum, McKinley only showed they did not commit to the bid and thus no contract exists between them. It is known that basic elements of a contract: offer, acceptance and consideration have to be present for their to be a valid -contract between McKinley construction and the federal department of agriculture. In this case, McKinley made an offer that appealed to the department of agriculture. The department of agriculture signified their appeal to the offer and sent and addendum with a new bid form that will allow the department to consider the offer. Rather than confirm its offer with the new form, McKinley submitted the old form, which meant they did not accept the new offer as presented by the department of agriculture. This means there could not be any consideration, thus acceptance could not be made of any of the offers and counter-offers and so there is no valid contract between McKinley construction and the department of agriculture. The department of agriculture if satisfied with the bid as submitted by McKinley should have asked for McKinley to use the appropriate form to submit its bid. While McKinley on its part should have gone to the ministry to correct the error (if it was an error) of using the old bid form rather than the new one sent to the department of agriculture. What we are saying is that the department of agriculture should have checked on McKinley to make sure they were not making a mistake submitting the old form and see that they correct the mistake. McKinley should have also complained of an error and that the use of the ild form was a mistake. To avoid this kind of incident in the future, lawyers should be engaged by companies submitting bids to view their bid materials and ensure that all conditions for

Fluid coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fluid coursework - Essay Example Increase in velocity of the fluid leads to decrease of the pressure exerted by the fluid. The equation defines is the relationship between the velocity of the fluid that is flowing in the pipe and the cross sectional area of this pipe. As the radius of the pipe decreases the velocity of the flowing fluid will increase and vice-versa. Fluid flow through a pipe will be used to study the Bernoulli Effect under specific requirements and constrictions. There will be calculations, results tables and plotted graphs that will be analyzed to arrive at the Bernoulli equation. The experiment requires a Bernoulli tube, Hydraulic bench, Stop watch and the venturi meter. To calculate the mass flow rate, the fluid weight which is 10 kilograms will be divided on the time of each pattern of flow in seconds. The resulting value will be divided on the on 1000 which is the density of the water to get the volumetric flow rate. Slow flow rate: The time calculated is 49.12 seconds, the weight of fluid is 10 kilograms, therefore mass rate= (10/49.2). To obtain the volumetric rate, the resulting value will be divided on 1000 which is the density of water, therefore volumetric rate = 0.000203583 Medium flow rate: The time calculated is 32 seconds, the weight of fluid is 10 kilograms, therefore mass rate= (10/32). To obtain the volumetric rate, the resulting value will be divided on 1000 which is the density of water, therefore volumetric rate = 0.000313 Full flow rate: The time calculated is 29.05seconds, the weight of fluid is 10 kilograms, therefore mass rate= (10/29.05) To obtain the volumetric rate, the resulting value will be divided on 1000 which is the density of water, therefore volumetric rate = 0.000344 The ideal results that should be obtained is the constant values for the total head as Bernoulli equation stated, but there are few

Act Violations in Afghanistan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Act Violations in Afghanistan - Assignment Example I also found it interesting that despite USA’s great investment in establishing peace in former war-torn Sudan (Sudan and South Sudan), there has never been any penalty as a result of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in that country. Last but not least, the ability of the interactive map to provide information about FCPA violations penalties in both numerical and visual item such as color and boxes was quite captivating and fun to me. I was very surprised by the magnitude of fines associated with FCPA violations in the Consulting sector. This figure was the largest among all the sectors which recorder payment of the penalties. I was also amazed that the Health & Pharmacy sector highly contributed to bribery in South America which is a continent adversely affected by poor health systems and status. Bribes increase the cost of operations and thus, bribery costs must have increased cost of health care in South America. This is quite a surprising and a saddening statistic. I agree with Linda about fictitious revenues. They are simply revenues reported that never occurred. This means that they could be inflated revenues or just fakes revenues. To add on her exhaustive post, I would like to add on the ways in which these fictitious revenues can be identified. One of the major red flags is an unusual increase in assets aimed at concealing these non-existent revenues. Contact details of customers such as physical addresses and phone numbers also become unavailable. Lastly, fictitious revenues can be detected by drastic changes in ratio patterns due to fictitious revenues. On the other hand, I disagree with Adrienne’s post.

A voice, a mystery Essay Example for Free

A voice, a mystery Essay William Wordsworths To the Cuckoo and John Keats Ode to a nightingale are comparable in many different aspects. The two poems have striking similarities and appear akin to one another. Both poems are likely to be written in related styles; both Wordsworth and Keats wrote in the same era, and were both Romantic Poets. They are also both poets of similar stature and regarded to be of similar ability. They both talk of similar a subject matter, a bird that is personally special. There are parallels to be drawn, but there are also many ways in which the poems contrast. It becomes clear that both poets perceive and respond to their subjects rather differently, and that the poems differ in meaning, direction and quality. The nucleus of both poems is a bird, Keats writes of a nightingale and Wordsworth of a Cuckoo. Birds are very modest and insignificant creatures, yet both poets have used them to extensively express emotion. To these poets their respective birds are extraordinary and important. Neither poet refers to one particular creature, but they both use the species of bird representatively. It is not their fondness for the bird as if it were a pet, a domestic animal, but their fondness of the free animal species that inspires them. It is important to acknowledge that although both poets, especially Wordsworth enjoy using lavish description, neither describes the physical appearance of the bird. They are both using the birds as metaphors, as symbols. Wordsworth makes the bird an invisible thing/ a voice, a mystery He does not see the bird, he can only hear it. This is to enhance the metaphorical strength of the bird. Keats similarly does not feel the need to describe the nightingale. Whereas Wordsworth does this to make his image more mystical and ambiguous, to Keats it does not matter what it looks like, it is the nightingales spirit he writes about. He talks primarily about its manner and its ways. Wordsworth also makes the cuckoo seem more divine and more powerful by using Voice and Cry with capital letters. This makes the sound of the cuckoo personify the bird and what it represents. The cuckoo is not regarded as beautiful physically, so he chooses to show it and even call it by its voice, O Cuckoo! shall I call thee bird, Or but a wondering Voice. Keats also points out the nightingales singing capacity, creating audible and not only visual imagery, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. The way the two poets perceive and react to their subjects is where the two poets vary greatly. It is relevant that in Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth says the following: Of eye and ear, both what they half create, And what perceive Both poets do follow this idea. They use imagination to expand on what they see and do so in different directions. The fact that Wordsworth does not see the Cuckoo means he can invent and expand greatly. Both poets are clearly partial to the birds, but show different attitudes towards them. Wordsworth longs for the bird, he needs the bird and is fond of it. Keats insists he is not jealous, Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thy happiness However, he certainly shows contempt towards the bird and expresses an unhappy longing which borders on envy. In essence, the bird is part of Wordsworth. It is part of his past. He is yearning for his past so he longs for the cuckoo. The cuckoo is the symbol for his past. It is something he has left, something that has not changed. The same whom in my schoolboy days, I listend to

College Pressure Essay Example for Free

College Pressure Essay William Zinsser’s in his essay â€Å"College Pressure† published 1979, describes the pressures Yale students have economic, parental, and peer/self- induced. He says that these pressures make students afraid to take a risk and to try to take different paths. He wants them to believe in themselves and to try to enjoy their time in college. I have been a student at Reedley Community College for two years and the pressure I experience as a student and a mother are different from that the Yale student experienced. The first pressure that Yale students and I experience is economic pressure. Zinsser explains that in the 1970’s â€Å"tuition, room, and board at most private colleges comes at least $7000† (par.12).He also explains how much pressure Yale students are under, that â€Å"even if the [student] works part time during school and full time during the summer†, but accrue $5000 in loans after four years, loans that the [student] must start to repay within one year after graduation† (par.13). Then, Zinsser goes on to say that no matter how hard the student works he or she will be under pressure to pay back all the money he used. I relate to this pressure, but in a very different way. Although the cost of school for me is relatively low, I have four kids that are away at college. Having four children needing help with tuition and books puts a lot of financial pressure on me as a parent. Also, having six kids in general, three of which are girls, is expensive regardless. The country’s economic disparity has left personal finances tight and puts me under a lot of pressure to make sure my kids have everything that they need and that all bills are paid. Another pressure William Zinsser’s mentions is parental pressure which Yale students and I feel but slightly different .It refers to the amount of pressure students get from their parents. The students are being torn between pleasing their parents and pleasing themselves. Zinsser’s mentions that â€Å"often times students are walking to labs as though they are walking to the dentist.(par.15) Students are taking on majors in a course of study that they do not necessarily like, however, in order to keep their parents happy they take them on. They are under pressure because they want to please their parents but they’re unhappy they want to do. Because they aren’t doing what. Because I am an adult this pressure does not really apply to me. However, I do feel the pressure from my children. My children expect me to get good grades, as well as maintain everything in the house. When dinner is not made on time because of my homework, my children get upset. They also complain about laundry not being done quickly enough. Although they support me, their expectations of me put me under a lot of pressure. The final pressure that Zinsser mentions is Peer/ self-induced pressure which are a pressure that Yale students and I apply on us. Students apply unnecessary pressure on them by comparing themselves to their peers. Zinsser mentions that a student he calls Linda â€Å"who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbra was much brighter and studied all the time.† This student is a perfect example of making an unnecessary comparison which stresses her out. This pressure leads to students over work them-selves. â€Å"A professor will assign five-page papers†. â€Å"Several students will start writing ten-page papers to impress him.†(par.27). Instead of just following the guidelines of an assignment they are trying to shoot above and beyond the requirements. I can really relate to this pressure because I do add a lot of stress on myself. I immediately assume everyone is doing better than me which makes me work harder, but at the same time it causes me to over work myself. I have to make sure all my kids need are done, and then I stay up late to make sure all my school work is done. This pressure affects me negatively because I add a lot of stress on myself that does not need to be added. Instead of focusing on my growth academically. I am always worried about who is doing better than me in class. A couple of ways I am trying to manage my stress is by making daily and weekly to-do lists and putting the most important at the top and working my way down. It’s a great way to manage my time as well. Being that I am a mother of six, my stress level seems like it’s multiplied by seven and I need to be able to put some of that stress aside and finally focus on my schooling since my oldest is twenty-two and my youngest is thirteen. Another great way I make stresses more manageable is by keeping procrastination to a huge minimum. If work that is assigned gets gradually done before the due date, it won’t all pile up the night before causing you to panic. Stress always piles up and it occurs more than any of us would like, but it shouldn’t be a reason to fail. By overcoming these pressures, we become stronger at the end.

Psychological Changes in Adolescence

Psychological Changes in Adolescence Adolescence is a term usually used to describe transitional period or a passage from childhood to adulthood and in todays context seem to be distinguished by 2 distinct stages: the puberty and transition to adulthood. Todays adolescence seem to be particularly vulnerable because, in addition to physical and psychological changes that an individual goes through, young people are subjected to rapid changes in society and multicultural influences; not the least because of advancement in technology, demography and demands of both, the knowledge and achievement. This is particularly relevant to more advanced, western societies. An early thought in psychoanalysis led by Miller 1950 (cited in Briggs 2008) suggested that adolescence is the age between characterised by puberty (physical changes), mid adolescence (short period of opposition to authority) and late adolescence (leaving the school and becoming an adult). However, the changes occurred post that period exposed a gap in experiences, raising a need for further exploration. These influential changes are reflected in the finding that late adolescence and the transition to adulthood extended considerably in regards to previous assumptions (Briggs 2008). Todays view contradicts that of Miller and alike in understanding that adolescence stretches into mid to late twenties as opposed to teenage years. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that those who accomplish the transition early, at the end of teenage years, may be disadvantaged and at increased risk of social exclusion (Briggs 2008). On the other hand, the onset of puberty itself has changed little for the last fifty years. Contemporary understanding of adolescence also raises the issue of its complexity, sparking the wide debate on accurateness of its earlier description, deepened further by discussion whether there is a need for early intervention. This latter debate divided the community of professionals into two major groups: interventionists and non-interventionists. The interventionists argue that the adolescence is the time of great uncertainty and changes making this group particularly vulnerable; if left unattended, it could influence development itself, educational achievement and the difficulties could persist into the adulthood. The support for interventionists view comes from recent studies that show that most of disorders found in adults, begun in adolescence between the ages of 12 and 24, even though they may not be noticed until the adulthood (Briggs 2008). On the other side we have non-interventionists who believe that the time of stress and turmoil would pass with time and intervention is unnecessary (Briggs 2008). However, there seem to be general consensus within the psychoanalytic world that the adolescents are vulnerable and exposed to risks of anti-social behaviour, a high risk of offending, substance misuse, eating disorders, depression, suicide and inappropriate sexual behaviour. Although these risk factors are present even within the normal development in adolescence for the minority of adolescents, if untreated, it can persist into adulthood. In adolescence, the changes in physique are also accompanied by increased societal demands for conformity, change of school, increased academic demand and so on; therefore this is the period of uncertainty and anxiety. While the majority of adolescents navigate through these changes successfully, for significant minority this period is turbulent and stressful. Individual differences in terms of inner resources to deal with these transitional issues lie within the relationship with adults. These relationships are rooted in the early childhood and could act as determinants of successful or unsuccessful transition. From psychoanalytic point of view, adolescence is the time of powerful changes not only physically, but accompanied by surge of instincts and urges demanding powerful control. In order to examine these inner processes of change we will look into adolescence through two distinct phases: the puberty and the transition to adulthood. The puberty is characterised by changes in physical development and growth spurt. Growth spur describes faster growth rate in weight and height, where girls are noted to enter the growth spur around the age of 10, typically reaching its peak at the age of 12, and more steady growth rate at the age of 13. On the other hand, boys begin the growth spur at around the age of 13 and peak at the age of 14, achieving more stabilized growth rate at the age of 16. In addition to becoming taller and heavier, both sexes assume adult like appearance, with girls growing breasts, widening of hips and for boys broadening of shoulders. Facial features also change in such way that the forehead protrudes while the jaw and the nose become more prominent (Shaffer, Kipp 2006). The puberty is also characterised by sexual maturation, which is quite different in boys and girls. With girls, sexual maturation starts somewhat earlier (before the age of 10) with formation of breast buds, followed by the appearance of pubic hair. With entering the growth spur, the breasts grow faster and sexual organs (vagina and uterus) begin to mature taking adult like forms in its readiness for future motherhood. At around age 12 the girl enters menarche, the time of the first menstruation (Shaffer, Kipp 2006). For boys, sexual maturation starts later at around age of 11 with an enlargement of testes, followed by appearance of pubic hair and penis enlargement. At around age of 13 the production of spermatozoa occurs and ejaculation follows. By the age of 15 most boys would have achieved sexual maturity, rendering them capable of becoming fathers. Somewhat later, facial hair grows and voice changes (Shaffer 2006). It is important to mention that although literature describing puberty varies, in terms of onset, there seem to be general consensus that the earlier growth spur occurs the more dramatic changes become. This seems to be applicable to both sexes. Adolescent physical development is accompanied by many psychological changes. Some of the more obvious psychological changes in adolescence are reflected in growing concern for physical appearance. Girls in particular become more concern with looking pretty and how other people would respond to them, with a hope that they would be seen as attractive. Girls that develop at different pace to the perceived norm are prone to internalising a negative body image. Their reaction to menarche is mixed; they are often excited and confused, especially if they were not told what to expect. On the other hand boys are more likely to welcome body weight in hope that they would become tall, hairy and handsome. What they have in common is preoccupation with physical appearance and mixed feelings about sexual maturity ( Shaffer, Kipp 2006). The sexual maturation and adult like appearance are accompanied by eruption of infantile feelings and a crisis of separating from childhood ways of relating to parents (Blos 1967 cited in Briggs 2008). The prospect of possible parenthood causes identification with the same sex parent, the process called oedipal stage. Sexual urges and passions are revived and the desire for the affection of the opposite sex parent results in unconscious competition for that affection. These urges were present in infancy, however, now they are accompanied by the real possibility of achievement, thus becoming a conflict and destabilising (Briggs 2008). These re-emerging passions and urges demand reconsideration of the relationship with parents and a new dimension of these relationships. Psychoanalytic perspective explain these changes as both, liberating and frightening experience, opening doors to vulnerability and anxiety and developing sense of power. It is also, according to psychoanalytic view, accompanied by identification, separation and loss of childhood relationships (Briggs 2008). These new states of anxiety, vulnerability and power are significant in adolescent development and require particular attention. From the psychoanalytic perspective the adolescence is turbulent because of these new states, which greatly contradicts more common psychological and social perspective that emphasises smooth process of adolescence (Briggs 2008). It is suggested that these turbulent aspects are forgotten and disowned and then projected onto adolescents by adults who do not wish to remind selves on the turbulence once they encountered (Briggs 2008). It is also suggested that the period of adolescence is often idealised or alternatively projected as miserable. Jacobs (1990 cited in Briggs 2008) explains this split as two different stages of adolescence where early adolescence is characterised by misery and turbulence, while the late adolescence is marked by the sense of accomplishments and smooth transition. Briggs demonstrated this idea through the case of Maria, 21 year old self-referred patient. While Maria passed through the teenage years without much of a struggle and in concordance with her parents, at the age of 21, when she achieved financial independence and established professional life, Maria seemed uncertain of her identity, questioning her capacity to be independent in expressing her own opinion. In addition to these observations, it is important not to overlook other influences on the development of adolescence, such as changes that occur in the brain. The understanding of adolescent development has altered taking into consideration of deeper knowledge of neurological changes that take place during this time. According to neuroscience, some of the adolescent behaviour may have its roots in neurological causes. The findings suggest that cognitive abilities needed for mature behaviour are underdeveloped in adolescence. The changes that occur in the brain during the adolescence have effect on regulation, learning and memory. Stressful experiences may have adverse outcomes on brain development, increasing susceptibility to psychopathologies. Advocating enhancement of social and learning environment, the neuroscience suggests that the adverse outcomes could be significantly reduced, even reversed (Briggs 2008). In summary, the biological perspective deepens our understanding of adolescence in a way that indicates the greater need for an integrated approach linking internal, biological, psychological and environmental aspects of adolescent experience. (Briggs 2008). This is to say that the development of the brain increases ability to control behaviour but, the successful execution of that control needs to be facilitated by environmental factors such as stable and supportive relationship with parents. If the environment is filled with adversities, the stress of adolescence could become pathological and in need of an intervention. So far we have discussed biological perspective in conjunction with psychoanalytic view, however it was emphasised that social factors could benefit or damage the normal development of adolescence. This concept of influence of the social context on adolescence is called psychosocial perspective. Some societies mark adolescence with the rite of passage, in western societies this rite of passage does not seem to be either marked or acknowledged. Besides, with extended adolescence the psycho-social context becomes ever more complex. In todays society there is disparage between biological and psychological maturation and transition to adulthood. Patton and Viner ( 2007 cited in Briggs 2008) found this disparage particularly present in the developed world of western societies stating: the development of reproductive capacity and sexual activity precede role transition into parenthood and marriage by more than a decade (p11). This disparage is significant in the way that increases risk and vulnerability of adolescents. In helping a better understanding of this disparage, psychoanalysis relies on the theory of psychosocial development by Erikson. Erikson provided and extension to original model of 5 stages of development described by Freud in a way that accommodated this latency in adolescence by introducing a concept of psychosocial moratorium. The focal point for Erikson is adolescence and the creation of personal identity. The crisis arising during this phase is identity versus role confusion (Papalia and Wendoks-Okds, 1978; Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum 2004). He argued that adolescents are going through many physical, cognitive, and social changes, associated with puberty, and often become confused undermining their self- esteem .This in turn can lead to a psychosocial moratorium, a temporary suspension of activity. According to this theory, the most important task for adolescents involves achieving a conscious sense of individual uniqueness. This means to discover who am I?, and in doing so ado lescents must make some occupational choices or they will remain confused about the roles they should play as adults (Gross 2005; Papalia and Wendoks-Okds, 1978; Shaffer and Kipp 2006). Erikson goes one-step further to identify four kinds of behaviour linked to identity confusion: Negative Identity (which relates to criminal and anti social behaviour as a sense of control and independence from others); Intimacy (which refers to avoidance from fear of losing own fragile sense of identity, often resulting in isolation); The Perspective (which relates to avoidance of planning the future because, doing so means thinking about ramifications of adulthood and evoking anxiety) and Industry (which relates to difficulty in striking a balance, thus results in inability to concentrate) (Cardwell, Clark and Meldrum 2004). The premise for the reformatting was that adolescents identity creation involves crisis and commitment; Crisis occurs through having to re-evaluate previous choices and values, while commitment occurs when the individual takes on a set of roles and beliefs (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum 2004) The moratorium could create additional tension and inner conflict which in turn are met by either by repression or foreclosure . Repression simply is the unwilling yet continued deferment that simply creates more anxiety. Anxiety can turn into development of antisocial behaviour, delinquency, inappropriate sexual behaviour or more severe self-destructive behaviour (e.g suicide, self-harm). Under such a challenge, the experience is one of a split of self images, a loss of center, and a dispersion (Erikson, 1968). These symptoms and the experience of the self as disrupted have been described as the dark and negative side of identity formation, and they are viewed as vital to the identity process (Erikson, 1975). Up until this fifth stage, development depends on what is done to a person.   At this point, development now depends primarily upon what a person does.   An adolescent must struggle to discover and find his or her own identity, while negotiating and struggling with social interactions and fitting in, and developing a sense of morality and right from wrong. Some attempt to delay entrance to adulthood and withdraw from responsibilities (moratorium).   Those unsuccessful with this stage tend to experience role confusion and upheaval.   Adolescents begin to develop a strong affiliation and devotion to ideals, causes, and friends. Description: At this stage, adolescents are in search of an identity that will lead themto adulthood. Adolescents make a strong effort to answer the question Whoam I? Erikson notes the healthy resolution of earlier conflicts can nowserve as a foundation for the search for an identity. If the child overcomesearlier conflicts they are prepared to search for identity. Did they develop thebasic sense of trust? Do they have a strong sense of industry to believe inthemselves? Elements for a positive outcome: The adolescent must make a conscious search for identity. This is built onthe outcome and resolution to conflict in earlier stages. Elements for a negative outcome: If the adolescent can not make deliberate decisions and choices, especiallyabout vocation, sexual orientation, and life in general, role confusion becomesa threat. Examples: Adolescents attempt to establish their own identities and see themselves asseparate from their parents. Age: Adolescence 12 to 18 years Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion Important Event: Peer relationships The most important question asked at this stage is who am I? The major event at this stage is peer relationships. This encompasses the middle school, high school, and even college years where one is trying to figure out where there niche is. What type of person are they? Even though their parents believe in abortionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦do they? What do they want as a career? Do they believe in Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦do they want to use that to attach labels to themselves as religious or atheist? Erik Erikson was one of these outcasts. He agreed with Freud that development proceeds through a series of critical stages. But he believed the stages were psychosocial, not psychosexual. Erikson also argued that lifes developmental stages encompass the whole life span According to Erikson, a crisis is equivalent to a turning point in life, where there is the opportunity to progress or regress. At these turning points, a person can either resolve conflicts or fail to adequately resolve the developmental task. Delving further into these differences, Erikson contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task. Young children wrestle with issues of trust, then autonomy, then initiative. School-age children develop competence, the sense that they are able and productive human beings. In adolescence, the task is to synthesize past, present, and future possibilities into a clearer sense of self. Adolescents wonder: Who am I as an individual? What do I want to do with my life? What values should I live by? What do I believe in? Erikson calls this quest to more deeply define a sense of self the adolescents search for identity. To refine their sense of identity, adolescents usually try out different selves in different situations perhaps acting out one self at home, another with friends and still another at school and work. If two of these situations overlap like when a teenager brings a friend home from school the discomfort can be considerable. The teen may ask, Which self is the real me? Which self should I be? Often, this role confusion gets resolved by the gradual reshaping of a self-definition that unifies the various selves into a consistent and comfortable sense of who one is an identity. But not always, Erikson believes that some adolescents forge their identity early, simply by taking on their parents values and expectations. Others may adopt a negative identity that defines itself in opposition to parents and society but in conformity with a particular peer group, complete perhaps with the shaved head or multi-colored coif. Still others never quite seem to find themselves or to develop strong commitments. For most, the struggle for identity continues past the teen years and reappears at turning points during adult life. During the first social stage, trust versus mistrust, an infants basic task is to develop a sense of trust in self, others, and the world. The infant needs to count on others and develop a sense of acceptance and security. This sense of trust is learned by being caressed and cared for. From Eriksons viewpoint, if the significant others in an infants life provide the necessary love, the infant develops a sense of trust. When love is absent, the result is a general sense of mistrust in others. Clearly, infants who feel accepted are in a more favorable position to successfully meet future developmental crises than are those who do not receive adequate nurturing. However, Erikson postulates that since development is a ongoing lifelong process, personality is not fixed at any given time. Events, circumstances, and social relationships are dynamic and changing. Thus, even a child who emerged from the first stage of life with a strong sense of trust may become mistrustful and cynical if bet rayed in later social relationships. Hence, personality is not viewed as fixed by the fifth year of life, as Freud believed, but remains fluid throughout the life span. Between the ages of one and three (Freuds anal stage), children are developing a growing sense of control over their lives. They can now walk, run, climb, and get into all sorts of mischief. A sense of autonomy develops as they learn new skills and achieve a feeling of control over their environment. Thus Eriksons titles this stage Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. During this period, some parents, out of concern or impatience with their childrens progress may intervene and do things that the children should be doing by themselves. Other parents may demand a level of competence of which their children are not yet physically and/or emotionally capable. In either case, these children begin to doubt their own abilities and feel ashamed when they fail to live up to parental expectations. Children who fail to master the tasks of establishing some control over themselves and coping with the world around them develop a sense of shame and feelings of doubt about their capabilities During the next stage, Initiative versus Guilt, which takes place during the preschool years (ages 4 to 6 Freuds phallic stage), children seek to find out how much they can do. According to Erikson, the basic task of preschool years is to establish a sense of competence and initiative. Preschool children begin to initiate many of their own activities as they become physically and psychologically ready to engage in pursuits of their own choosing. If they are allowed realistic freedom to choose their own activities and make some of their own decisions, they tend to develop a positive orientation characterized by confidence to initiate actions and follow through on them. On the other hand, if they are unduly restricted, or if their choices are ridiculed, they tend to experience a sense of guilt and ultimately withdraw from taking an active and initiating stance. By the age of six, the child should enter elementary school. It is during this age that the stage of Industry versus Inferiority occurs. During the ensuing five years, the most important events in the childs life revolve around setting and accomplishing goals related to school situations. When children are successful in mastering the many behaviors expected of them during these years, they develop feelings of competency and a sense of industry. They may express such feelings as: I can do anything if I just work hard enough. Children who encounter failure during the early grades may experience severe handicaps later on. A child with learning problems may begin to feel like a worthless person. Such feelings may drastically affect his or her relationships with peers, which are also vital at this time. During the adolescent years, teens experience Identity versus Role Confusion. Typically, adolescents feel they are on center stage and everyone is looking at them. They are often highly critical of themselves and feel that others are equally critical. Their thoughts often turn inward. They look at themselves and question whether or not they measure up to their peers. They also begin thinking about lifelong goals and careers, wondering whether they will make it in the world of the adult. Their ruthless self-appraisal is often beneficial. It results in the development of values, social attitudes, and standards. This inward focus appears to be necessary for the development of a firm sense of self and of broader roles in the social order. During the stage of Intimacy versus Isolation, adolescence is now behind the individual and the early adult years loom ahead. Energies are focused on building careers, establishing lasting social ties, and achieving then maintaining intimate relationships. Marriage or cohabitation creates new demands on the individual sharing, compromising, and relinquishing social mobility to some degree. Also, many young adults begin having children and raising families. Those who were unsuccessful in resolving their identity crises may find themselves isolated from mainstream society and unable to maintain healthy intimate relationships. It basically identifies the developmental interaction between maturational advances and the social  expectations made upon the child Ego identity is never established as an achievement,' as something static or unchangeable, but is a forever to-be-revised sense of reality of the Self within social reality (Erikson, 1968: 24, 211). Although the identity crisis is most pronounced during adolescence and gives that age its stage name, identity issues remain a lifelong concern. A redefinition of ones ego-identity emerges quite commonly when major role changes occur, such as when college freshmen leave home and have to make their own decisions, often for the first time. Other issues that tend to renew identity concerns are: ones first job, marriage, parenthood,  the death of ones parents, divorce, unemployment, serious illness, widowhood, and retirement. The ability to cope with these later identity issues that result from major changes in ones role in life may well depend on the degree of success with which one bas mastered the adolescent identity crisis. Adolescence bas been characterized by Erikson (1950) as the period in the human life cycle during which the individual must establish a sense of personal identity and avoid the dangers of rote diffusion and identity confusion. Identity achievement t implies that the individual assesses strengths and weaknesses and determines how he or she wants to deal with them. The adolescent must find an answer to the identity questions: Where did 1 come from? Who am I? What do 1 want to become?Identity, or a sense of sameness and continuity, must be searched for. Identity is not readily given to the individual by society, nor does it appear as a maturational phenomenon when the time comes, as do secondary sex characteristics. Identity must be acquired through sustained individual effort. Unwillingness to work actively on ones identity formation carries with it the danger of role diffusion, which may result in alienation and a sense of isolation and confusion. The search for an identity involves the establishment of a meaningfu1 self-concept in which past, present, and future are brought together to form a unified whole. Consequently, the task is more difficult in a historical period in which the anchorage of family and community tradition bas been lost and the future is unpredictable. ln a period of rapid social change, the aIder generation is no longer able to provide adequate role models for the younger generation. Mead (1970) describes in detail the changing relationship of adolescents to parents as societies move from post- to co- and pre figurative cultures  (see Chapter 6). Keniston (1965) bas even suggested that in a rapidly changing society, the search for an identity is replacing the socialization process, since the latter implies that there actually exist stable, uniform, socially defined scales and values into which the adolescent can be guided. The aider generation no longer provides effective role models to the younger generation in the process of searching for a personal identity. If the elders do provide them, adolescents may either reject them as personally inappropriate, or follow them-in what will later be discussed as a foreclosed fashion-that is, seeking to fulfil their parents aspirations for them, without appreciating the search for an identity as a personal opportunity. Thus, the importance of the peer group in helping the individual to answer the identity question, Who am I? cannot be emphasized enough. The answer to this question depends  on social feedback from others who provide the adolescent with their perception and their evaluation of him or ber. Identity is based on psychosocial reciprocity. Therefore, adolescents are sometimes morbidly, often curiously, preoccupied with what they appear to be in the eyes of others as compared with what they feel they are and with the question of how to connect to earl ier cultivated cales and skills with the ideal prototype of the clay (Erikson, 1959: 89). Adolescents preoccupation with the thinking of others is the basis of Elkinds (1967) theory of egocentrism. Since an identity can be found only in interaction with significant others, a process Erikson refers to as psychosocial reciprocity, the adolescent often goes through a period of a great need for peer group recognition and almost compulsive peer group involvement. Conforming to the expectations of peers helps adolescents find out how certain cales fit them, but peer group conformity can also createa new kind of dependencys, o that the individual accepts the values of others tao easily without really addressing the identity issue ofhow weIl they do fit him or ber. The peer group, the clique, and the gang, even the lover, aid the individual in the search for a personal identity since they provide bath a cole model and very personal social feedback. The seemingly endless telephone conversations during adolescencea nd later, the bull sessioni n college, can serveg enuine psychological purposes by providing this kind of personal information. As long as the adolescent depends on role  models and feedback, the in-group feeling that the peer group provides will remain quite strong. AIso, behaviors of conformity to the expectations of the peer group reflect the learned skill of not making oneself an easy target of catty remarks or to avoid being mock ed out. The ensuing clannishnessa and intolerance of differences-including petty aspects of language, gesture, hair style, and dress-are explained by Erikson as the necessacy defenses against the dangers of self-diffusion that remain prevalent as long as the identity bas not yet been achieved. Particularly during the time when the body image changes so rapidly, when genital maturation stimulates sexualf antasiesa, nd when intimacy with the opposite sexa ppearsa s a possibility with simultaneouslyp ositive and negative valencest,h e adolescent relies on peers for advice, comfort, companionship, and uses peers as a personal sounding board. Eventually, adolescents must free themselves from this new dependency on peers-which bas just replaced their dependency on parents-in order to find themselves, that is, to attain a mature identity. Such an identity, once found, gives the young adult a sense of knowing where one is going and an inner assuredness anticipated recognition  from those who count (Erikson, 1959: 118). Pubescence, according to Erikson, is characterized by the rapidity of body growth, genital maturity, and sexual awareness. Because these changes are qualitatively quite different from those experienced during childhood, an element of discontinuity from previous  development may emerge during early adolescence. youth is not only confronted with an internal physiological revolution that interferes with the easy establishment of a new body image, but also confronted with a psychological crisis that revolves around issues of identity and self-definition. Erikson maintains today that the study of identity bas become more important than was the study of sexuality in Freuds rime. For the searching adolescent, identity-the establishment and reestablishment of sameness with previous experiences and a conscious attempt to make the future a part of ones personal life plan-seems  to be subordinated to sexuality. Adolescents must establish ego-identity and lea rn to accept body changes as well as new libidinal feelings. Identity exploration depends at least in part on these psycho physiological factors. I

The play of to Kill a Mocking Bird. Discuss how you would produce :: English Literature

The play of to Kill a Mocking Bird. Discuss how you would produce the incident in which Atticus shoots the rabid dog "The play of To Kill a Mocking Bird" was adapted from a novel by Harper Lee. The story is set in Maycomb, Alabama in 1935, when racism was rife. The play deals with racism and shows how the blacks were exploited. The play is split into two acts; Act One is about a black man being wrongly accused of raping a white woman. It is in Act Two that the audience finds out that the legal system would wrongly convict a man, just because he is black. There are many incidents which occur in this play, but the one I am going to consider is when Atticus shoots the rabid dog. The part of the play where the incident of Atticus shooting the rabid dog occurs starts with Jean. At this point the spot light would be on Jean as she steps onto the stage and starts speaking. The incident is introduced when she says:- "Then a few weeks later something happened- something that made our father even more of a puzzle. The tension in the town about the approaching trial was getting drum-tight, but what happened had nothing to do with that - it had to do with a liver coloured bird dog called Tim." While Jean says that she would probably be standing at the front of the stage in the spot light. Behind her would be the set; which would comprise of the front of houses in Maycomb. At this point Jem and Scout would enter the stage, with Jem pulling Scout, and talking about Tim; although they do not realise he has rabies. Soon after, Calpurnia, a black housekeeper, would come onto the stage, as though she has just come out of the house; she would be wiping her hands on a tea towel. Calpurnia is not interested in the dog at this moment as she says in a sharp tone:- "What is it Jem? I can't come out every time you want me." It is not until Jem imitates the dogs actions - gulping like a gold fish and hunching his shoulders - that Calpurnia becomes interested. Unsure as to whether to believe Jem, Calpurnia points her finger at Jem and says with her voice hardening:- 'You tellin' me a story, Jem Finch? Jem goes on to explain how the dog is moving, he says 'Just moseyin' - but walkin' funny.' It is then that Calpurnia realises that the dog has rabies, and so hurries inside to call for help. At this point, she would have a

Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Tell-Tale Heart -- English Lit

Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Tell-Tale Heart Compare the portrayal and use of madness in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. Which story did you prefer and why? The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe both describe characters who in the opinion of other people are insane. The characters' hysterical behaviour due to their insanity is depicted as the stories progress. The Yellow Wallpaper was written for a reason to demonstrate how women were treated in society in the 19th Century. The Tell-Tale heart was written primarily for the purpose of entertainment. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe have both been written in the first person. This is for a number of important reasons. In both stories the main character's descent into insanity is effectively portrayed by the character's increasingly irrational behaviour and neurotic thoughts. If the books had not been written in the 1st person then the reader would not know the character's feelings and reactions to events in the books. By writing the stories in the first person, the reader is able to step inside the mind of the character and experience what they think. Both the stories rely on being written in the first person and would not work if they had not been written like this. The Yellow Wallpaper is written in a diary form with entries being added at different intervals: " We have been here two weeks, and I haven't felt like writing before, since that first day." It is an account of the character's most personal emotions during the period of time. She confides in her diary and... ...erred The Tell-Tale Heart for the following reasons. Firstly I found the woman's account in The Yellow Wallpaper, although interesting, a little too emotional and personal to feel comfortable for me to relate to. This may be a gender response. On the other hand, I found that I could relate more easily to the dramatic qualities in The Tell-Tale Heart and the progress towards the final denouement better captured my imagination. This story also felt more timeless which makes it far easier to relate to. Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Tell-Tale Heart." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 33-37. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." The Norton Introduction To Literature. Eds. Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. 7th Ed. New York, Norton, 1998. 2: 630-642.

How to become a better leader Essay -- essays research papers

I believe good leaders have the desire and willpower to become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. I think one of a leaders’ main goals should be to inspire their workers into higher levels of teamwork, which can be acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders should constantly be working and studying to improve their leadership skills. Leadership is defined as a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Respected leaders concentrate on what they are (such as beliefs and character), what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature), and what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and provide direction). I believe that I possess many strengths that make me a good leader. One of my strengths is that I constantly seek responsibility and take responsibility for my actions. I am always asking if there is anyway I could help out more in MMA and in my sorority. I want people to look up to me and respect me and I know that things do not always go as planned, and I never blame others for my mistakes. Also, I always try and analyze the situation I am in and find some way to correct the problem before moving on to the next challenge. I believe my best strength is that I make timely decisions. I never procrastinate and I always plan ahead and try and give myself ample time to get tasks completed and make a decision. In all my teams for class I try to set the example and act as a good role model. I believe that if one person slacks, everyone in the group will model to that person, and that is never the direction you want an effective group to go in. When working in a group, I also make sure that everyone is informed. I am usually the one sending out the emails to delegate tasks and making sure that everyone is up to speed. Lastly, I always ensure that these tasks are understood and accomplished. Being a good leader entails that you care about your group members and want everyone to be successful. One weakness that is holding me back from being a good leader is my tendency to be a followe... ...ot done and that everyone looked up to me and respected me because this meant they would also want to do an excellent job. If I was in the position again the one thing I would do differently is have more meetings. I think that when a group comes together you feed off of one another for ideas and this gets the brainstorming process going. Overall, I was happy with my leadership experience and thought that the team worked well together and that in the end I made them work, but they respected me, and I am happy to say we are still friends today. As I reflect back on my leadership experiences I believe that I have always tried to take initiative and get things done. I believe that I am always understanding of what other people have going on in their lives and I talk to them like a person and am very considerate. I try my hardest to be proficient at what I do and help others if they are lost. Lastly, I make a point to provide direction to the group, plan ahead, set goals, try to identify problems and come up with solutions. I believe a leader should always encourage the team to reach team goals as effectively as possible, through building relationships and inspiring their team members.

Promotion and Pricing Strategies

Week 8 e-Activity Use the Internet or the Strayer Library to research a recent situation that has caused a business, not-for-profit organization, or government agency to suffer from bad publicity. Be prepared to discuss. â€Å"Promotion and Pricing Strategies† Please respond to the following: From the e-Activity, evaluate the situation of the organization you researched. Create a program outlining steps the organization might take to build better public relations. Ensure their search engines are being far to the consumer’s wants and needs.Rewrite its policy and procedures for marketing to support the consumers not just the brands they have a market share in. Employ outside audit agency to ensure coding is not limiting, collecting, or distributing user information even if it is for marketing. Take fault where fault should be taken, after all how can you say you don’t put other websites before others yet have a marketing team where you can buy key words that help m ove you up in your rankings. Source: http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/9230149/Bad_press_may_affect_Google_more_than_FTC_s_22. M_fine http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/10/12/us-google-ftc-antitrust-idUSBRE89B16G20121012 http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/9234096/Google_CEO_Page_said_to_meet_with_FTC http://www. nytimes. com/2012/10/13/technology/ftc-staff-prepares-antitrust-case-against-google-over-search. html? pagewanted=all From Case Study 13. 3, analyze the airline’s marketing strategy; its use of social media and free publicity. Speculate whether or not this strategy will allow the airline to reach its target market. Provide a rationale with your response.Pet travel is becoming part of the norm for travelers. Interesting is that hotel have started to adapt a more pet friend attitude to pets yet it took the airline industry a little longer to recognize this new segmented market. As a pet lover my dog goes with me on vacation so often I find it a challenge to find a flight to get my dog to go with me but easy to find places to rent. There are a lot of regulations for most companies that offer this service such as pet weight, bread, container of travel, and even destination. And I found all this true for Pet Airways as well.They seem to have a great concept but if you look at other airlines such as JetPaws better known as jetBlue not only do you get rewards points but there are more destinations and options for your pet. There are concerns with Pet Airways such as I’d rather my pet be on the same flight as me but as good as it sounds your pet will be on their own plan with other pets. With price ranging from 299 on up there are cheaper and faster options out there. Looking at the public relations side of the house I found several articles that spoke about writers visiting the Pet Airways but not given information or even a look at the pet holding area.There is one thing for sure those with pets who are taking this much care to make sure their pet is with them are more than likely going to want to check the entire facility out before checking their pets in. Just as the airline would do if you want your pet to fly with them. So this is where I would start: 8) Advertise in the top 3 animal pet stores (PetSmart, PetCo, and Pet Supplies Plus). 9) Take their youtube video (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=sc2lvz1LGTc) and send out emails to customers via the top animal pet stores, local veterinarians in markets they service. Source: http://seniortravel. about. com/od/airtravel/a/PetAirways. htm

Millennium Development Goal and Bangladesh

transmit everyplace on 2012 millenary incre custodyt destination (MDG) and Bangladesh The fortify of Bangladesh on MDG A report getted to the section of economic science, AIUB, as a course want of frugal geographics, F every semester 2012 Prep atomic bite 18d & Submitted byTeam HISTORYNazmun,MdIstiakAlam, NusratKhan,Jahirul Islam Akhter, g every last(predicate)ant TurashaShuvo,Shariar Al AminAshraf, Taskia Course teacherRAFIQ, FARHANAFaculty Department of political economy Date of triggermanmission 28 November 2012 Ameri clear Inter field of study University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 28 November 2012 RAFIQ, FARHANA Faculty Economics DepartmentAmerican Inter field of study University Bangladesh. Subject Submission of Report Dear Madam, We drive the pleasure to submit this report entit conduct Mdg and progress of bangladesh which has been watchful in part-fulfillment of the requirements of the Final Examination Economic Geography. We resist dissertateed on our report well-nigh MDGs and its progress in Bangladesh. We excessively bring shown the oecumenic progress of MDG. Fin eithery, we atomic number 18 truly g calculateful to you for giving us this pleasant opportunity to range on this report. The entire group contribution has led to the successful completion of this report.Despite our either mathematical attempts, certain deficiencies may reside and we genuinely regret this. Best Regards, 1. Nazmun,MdIstiak ID11-19119-22. Alam, Nusrat ID 11-19192-23. Khan,Jahirul Islam ID 11-18219-14. Akhter, Sheikh Turasha ID 11-19261-25. Shuvo,Shariar Al Amin ID 11-18231-15. Ashraf, Taskia ID11-19115-2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would like to thank to our course instructor of this Economic Geography course RAFIQ, FARHANA for the valuable guidance and advice. She stimulate us greatly to civilize in this report. Her get outingness to motivate us taked trem set asideously to our work.We besides would like to thank her for her valuable fourth dimension by assist us for this report. This look for report would not pose been thinkable without the support of numerous slew. Our thanks and appreciations go to our classmates for making the semester period truly enjoyable. And we would alike like to thank our al moguly for helping me carry through this massive task. unofficial The main objective of this report is to discuss around millenary recrudescement destinations and its get up in Bangladesh. For making this report we suck in collected data from internet, books, teachers references.Our finding shows Achievement of the Millennium exploitation terminals lies at the core of UNDPs mandate, and is the focusing of much of our work. Accordingly, UNDP and our partners results in the body politics of governance, meagreness simplification, environment, vigor and climate smorgasbord, disaster man eldment, all contribute in different right smarts to the quickening of MDG achievementment. In particular, t he Support to Monitoring PRS and MDGs in Bangladesh project supported MDG accele balancen in Bangladesh betwixt 2006 and 2011. This project pass on shortly be re nakeded.It is expected that the report go forth help to know about the MDGs as well as the situation of our province of achievement. Contents SectionPage Number * Introduction 06 * watchword (a) MDG 07 (b) finishs and fall guys . 07 (c) MDG and Bangladesh . 14 (d) mature of Bangladesh 15 * Conclusions.. 29 * Bibliography 30 List of Figures restriction chart (1) 11 * Bar graph(2) 12 * Bar Chart (3) .. 13 Introduction The MDGs meditate a set of actions and stubs contained in the Millennium resolve that was adoptive by 193 nations in 2002 based on the Millennium Decla symmetryn agreed in September 2000. Bangladesh has save impressive feats in pulling passel out of exiguity, ensuring that more(prenominal) children, girls and boys, attend school, and have adit to clean pee. Considerable progress has been do in child survival arrange. Bangladesh is among the 16 countries who have received UN learning for universe on excision to achieve MDG4. in that respect have been whatever benefits to address the inelegants massive environmental challenges over the past decade as well. come out of the closet of the 52 MDG targets, Bangladesh is on snub on 19 of them and 14 of them ingest tending (2011 data). Although Bangladesh is on track to achieve the winnings Enrolment target, the drop-out range hang on to mellowed Enrolling the last 10% of the children, ensuring quality of command for children who argon already enrolled in schools, and promoting sexuality equity in tertiary gentility, remain as major(ip) challenges. The p bental death stray ratio of Bangladesh at 194 has shown a major reverse.Performance on this goal which was follow is a major achievement. The threat of climate change can besides diminish the laboured earned beneficial impacts of categorys of appe ndage and breeding not just for the people in impoverished settlements along coastal belts and river banks, but for the entire nation. Achieving affluent and profitable employment for all, including women and young people the Great Compromiser piece of ass target. The labor force troth run is low at about 51. 7% and womens participation although modify, is much ref function at 23%. It is highly unbelievable that Bangladesh forget be able to tick off employment for all by 2015.Yet other challenge that Bangladesh faces is in addressing certain pockets of penury that ar lagging far behind with respect to the depicted object h sensationsts and where the benefits of MDGs attainment need to be circumstantialally reached. These areas include the urban slums, the hill tracts, coastal belts and other ecologically vulnerable areas. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international ripeninggoals that were officially open following the Millennium Summit of the get together Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the join Nations Millennium Declaration.All 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve these goals by the course of instruction 2015. The MDGs were genuine out of the eight chapters of the Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000. There are eight goals with 21 targets, and a series of measurable indicators for each target. Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and smart * come out 1A halve the equilibrium of people alimentation on slight than $1 a day * stigma 1B Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and one- year-old People * Target 1C Halve the residual of people who suffer from hunger Goal 2 Achieve universal joint patriarchal fosterage Target 2A By 2015, all children can complete a rise course of direct schooling, girls and boys Goal 3 Promote sex equality and clothe women * Target 3A Eliminate gender distinction in autochthonic and juni or- hit education kind of by 2005, and at all levels by 2015 Goal 4 cut off child fatality station rates * Target 4A crop by two-thirds, mingled with 1990 and 2015, the under- v death rate rate Goal 5 modify maternal health Target 5A bowdlerise by three quarters, amongst 1990 and 2015, the maternal fatality rate ratio * Target 5B Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Goal 6 Combat human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria, and other diseases * Target 6A Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the parcel out of HIV/AIDS * Target 6B Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it * Target 6C Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Target 7A Integrate the principles of sustainable schooling into country policies and programs reverse loss of environmental resources * Target 7B Reduce biodiv ersity loss, achieving, by 2010, a earthshaking reduction in the rate of loss * Target 7C Halve, by 2015, the relation of the cosmos without sustainable access to well(p) drinking water and basic sanitization (for more information see the admittance on water supply) * Target 7D By 2020, to have achieved a significant progression in the lives of at least century million slum-dwellers Goal 8 Develop a international partnership for reading Target 8A Develop shape up an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory duty and financial system * Target 8B call off the Special Needs of the Least create Countries (LDC) * Target 8C Address the extra unavoidably of landlocked develop countries and small island develop States * Target 8D Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term * Target 8E In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to a ffordable, prerequisite drugs in developing countries * Target 8F In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of impudently technologies, especially information and communications furtherance towards reaching the goals has been uneven. Some countries have achieved many of the goals, while others are not on track to realize any.A UN conference in September 2010 reviewed progress to date and conclude with the adoption of a global action plan to achieve the eight anti-poverty goals by their 2015 target date. There were also new commitments on womens and childrens health, and new initiatives in the worldwide battle against poverty, hunger and disease. From next page, we have shown some statistics about progress of MDG all over the world. definition here(predicate) is the component of adjusted net enrolment ratio in primal education In shield of the developing countries Enrolment ratio in primary education in mid-nineties was 82% while in 2008 it was 89% . In aspect of the developed countries Enrolment ratio in primary education in mid-nineties was 97% while in 2008 it was 96%.In case of the world Enrolment ratio in primary education in 1990s was 84% while in 2008 it was 90%. Bar Chart (1) Description This is the region of people earning less than $1. 25 a day. In the year 1990 58% sub Sahara African are earning less than $1. 25 a day. & In year 2005 the contribution was only sign by 7% Which show that the progress is not good. On the other hand, In the year 1990 60% of eastern Asian is earning less than $1. 25 a day. While in the year 2005 the dowery was reduce by 44%, which is very high. Bar Chart (2) Description This is the percentage of mortality under five years old per 1000 In case of the developed countries in 1990s the number was 12 & In 2008 it was 6In case of the developing countries in 1990s the number was 100 & In 2008 it was 72 Here we found huge deference between the developed & developing countries. Bar Chart (3) MDG and Bangladesh The Government of Bangladesh is committed to achieve the MDGs inside the given timeframe. The upstartly approved ordinal Five Year Plan (2011-2015) title Accelerating Growth and Reducing beggary has primed(p) out the operational details on the countrys endeavor to act forward with a view to achieving the lot 2021 of the Government. The Plan has integrated the Millennium Development Goals within the broader agenda of the economic and mixer targets.The Sixth Plan has adopted a holistic approach to reduce poverty and improve other amicable indicators, with special management provided to remove the regional disparities in development. The beauty of implementing the 6th Plan is that in pursuit of achieving national development goals, the MDG leading also be achieved as the last-place year of both the milestone goals coincides. The recent progress report of MDGs in Bangladesh 2011, shows that Bangladesh has achieved singular progress in the areas of prima ry schooling, gender parity in primary and collateral level education, lowering the infant and under-five mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio, improving immunization coverage and reducing the incidence of communicable diseases. The recent data collapse that incidence of poverty has been declining at an yearbook rate of 2. 6 percent in Bangladesh during 1991-1992 to 2010. If this stylus continues, the target of halving the world living under the poverty line would be achieved well before 2015. However, achievement of the hunger target might be trying to attain due to volatility of the goodness prices and the challenges of underemployment. Progress of MDGs in Bangladesh * Goal 1 Eradicate Extreme beggary and crave Bangladesh is well on track to achieving Goal 1 with poverty coming sight to 31. 5 percent in 2010. Also, the average annual rate of poverty reduction has been above rate required to view the 2015 target. The poverty gap ratio has also decreased dramatical ly. flow viewTarget 1.A Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the semblance of people whose income isless than $1 a day. 1. 1 equaliser of existence below national upper poverty line, percent (38. 7 in 2008 bylinear extrapolation 41. 2 in 2009 by household self-assessment) position on track1. 2 Poverty Gap Ratio, percent (9 in 2005) spatial relation on track1. 3 serving of poorest quintile in national consumption (NA)Target 1. B Achieve upright and productive employment and decent work for all, includingwomen and young people. 1. 5 Employment to population ratio, percent (58. 5 in 2006 and 59. 3 economically activein 2009)Status inescapably economic aidTarget 1. C Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer fromhunger. 1. preponderance of underweight children under-five years of age (6-59 months), (45% asof 2009)Status require wariness1. 9 counterweight of population below minimum level of dietetical energy consumption, (40%as of 2005)Status needs assista nce * Goal 2 Achieve linguistic universal Primary Education While a significant 95 percent has been achieved in ground of primary school enrollment, dropout rates remain high and therefore primary school completion rate low. Progress has been do in adult literacy 58 percent in 2010 but extra effort is needed to reach the target. new StatusTarget 2. A Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be ableto complete a full course of primary schooling2. Net adjustment Ratio in Primary EducationBenchmark 60. 5 in 1991 flow rate stead 91. 9 (2008)Target 100Status on track2. 2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5Benchmark 43. 0 in 1991 received placement 54. 9 (2008)5Target 100Status needs attention2. 3 Literacy rate of 15+yrs olds, women and men (%)Benchmark 36. 9 in 1991Current post 58. 3 (2007)Target 100Status needs attention * Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality & give Women Bangladesh has achieved gender parity in primary and se condary education together with being on track with respect to percentage of women employed in agriculture sector. Current StatusTarget 3.A Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by2005 and to all levels of education no subsequently than 20153. 1a Ratio of girls to boys in primary educationBenchmark 0. 83 in 1991Current office 1. 01 (2008)Target 1Status Achieved before 20153. 1b Ratio of girls to boys in secondary educationBenchmark 0. 52 in 1991Current lieu 1. 2 (2008)Target 1Status Achieved before 201573. 1c Ratio of women to men in tertiary educationBenchmark 0. 37 in 1991Current attitude 0. 32 (2006)Target 1Status needs attention3. 2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sectorBenchmark 19. 1 in 1991Current post 24. 6 (2008)Target 50%Status needs attention3. 3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliamentBenchmark 12. in 1991Current side 19 (2009)Target 33%Status needs attention * Goal 4 Reduce tyke Mortal ity The country is on track with regard to achieving this goal. Significant strides have been made in all three indicators and if the trend sustains, the country will meet the 2015 target well ahead of schedule. Current StatusTarget 4A Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. 4. 1 Under five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)Benchmark 146 in 1991Current post 53. 8Target 48Status on track4. 2 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)Benchmark 92 in 1991Current locating 41. 3Target 31Status on track4. 3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measlesBenchmark 54 in 1991Current status 82. Target 100Status on track * Goal 5 Improve Maternal health This goal has been a major turnaround and is now truly a track to be achieved by 2015. Current StatusTarget 5. A Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortalityratio. 5. 1 Maternal mortality ratio (per 1,000 live births)Base year 1991 574Current status 348Tar get 143Status needs attention5. 2 Proportion of births attended by Skilled wellness Personnel (percent)Base year 1991 5Current status 24Target 50Status needs attentionTarget 5. B Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health. 5. 3 contraceptive prevalence rate (%)Base year 1991 40Current status 60Target 100Status needs attention5. Adolescent birth rate (per 1,000 women)Base year 1991 77Current status 60Target -Status needs attention5. 5A antepartum care coverage (at least 1 visit) (%)Base year 1991 28Current status 60Target 100Status needs attention115. 5B prenatal care coverage (4 or more visits) (%)Base year 1991 6Current status 21Target 100Status needs attention5. 6 Unmet need for family planning (%)Base year 1991 19Current status 17Target 7. 60Status needs attention * Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Bangladesh has made some progress in combating the spread of malaria with the number of prevalence dropping from 776. 9 cases per 100 ,000 in 2008 to 512. 6 in 2010. Current StatusTarget 6.A Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS6. 1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 yearsBase year 0. 005Current status 0. 319 (2007)Target HaltingStatus on track6. 2 Condom use at last high-risk sexBase yearCurrent status 44-67%TargetStatus need attention6. 3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive rectify knowledgeof HIV/AIDSBase yearCurrent status 15. 8 (2006)TargetStatus need attentionTarget 6. C Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and othermajor diseases6. 6A Incidence of malaria per 100 000 populationBase year 776. 9 (2008)Current status 586. 0 (2009)Target 310. Status on track6. 6B conclusion rate associated with malaria per 100,000 populationBase year 1. 4 (2008)Current status 0. 4 (2009)Target 0. 6Status on track6. 7 Proportion of children under-5 sleeping under insecticide- hard-boiled nates netsBase year 81% (2008)Current status 81% (20 09)Target 90%Status on track136. 8 Proportion of children under-5 with fever who are treated with appropriate antimalarialdrugsBase year 60% (2008)Current status 80% (2009)Target 90% (By 2015)Status on track6. 9A Prevalence of atomic number 65 per 100,000 populationBase year 639 (1990)Current status 412Target 320 (50% reduction)/HaltingStatus 36% reduction/on track6. B Death rate associated with tuberculosis per 100,000 populationBase year 76 (1990)Current status 50 (2008)Target 50% reductionStatus 35% reduction/on track6. 10a Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected under DOTSBase year 21% (1994)Current status 70% (2009)Target 70%Status achieved/on track6. 10b Proportion of tuberculosis cases ripened under DOTSBase year 71% (1995)Current status 92%Target 85%Status achieved/on track * Goal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability While significant progress has been made in terms of access to adept drinking water and sanitary latrines in urban areas, the akin remains a challenge in rural areas.Also maintaining wet-lands and bio-diversity is still a challenge. Current Status7. 1 Proportion of land area covered by forestCurrent status 19. 2% (Tree density 10%),Target 20% (Tree density 70%)Status needs attention7. 2 CO2 emissions (metric dozens per capita)Current status 0. 30Status on track7. 3 exercise of ozone-depleting substances (metric tons per capita)Current status 127. 88Target 0,15Status on track7. 4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limitsCurrent status 54 landlocked fish species & 16 devil dog species are threatenedStatus need attention7. 5 Proportion of marrow water resources usedCurrent status 6. 6% in 2000,Status needs attention7. Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protectedCurrent status 1. 78% terrestrial & 0. 47% marine areas protected (2010),Target 5%,Status needs attention7. 7 Proportion of species threatened with extinctionCurrent status 201 inland, 18 marine & 106 vascular plants are threatened,Target improvement of ecosystems for protection of species compareto 2000 situation,Status needs attention7. 8 Proportion of population using an improve drinking water sourceCurrent status 86%Target 100%,Status needs attention7. 9 Proportion of population using an ameliorate sanitation facilityCurrent status 89%Target 100%,Status needs attention7. 0 Proportion of urban population living in slumsCurrent status 7. 8 %,Status needs attention * Goal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development sagacity of tele call in lines and internet, particularly cell phone usage, has increased to a great extent but youth employment rate is still low. As clearly determine during the recent MDGs needs assessment and be exercise, Bangladesh needs more resources to achieve MDGs. warm efforts need to be undertaken by development partners to examine the gaps and renew efforts to support exact MDG-oriented sectors. At the same time, the imbalance between loans and grants should be addressed by increase the shar e of grants in ODA.In Bangladesh there have been numbers of policies, strategies, and implementation programmers, activities and interactions and debates surrounding the MDGs. In fact MDGs have emerged a way we are travelling through to the one goal of peace, prosperity and humanity. Conclusion field of view for Humans believes the Millennium Development Goals are at the very heart of the stories to be portrayed in its inaugural mathematical product and will strive to bring these goals to the attention of as wide an audience as possible in order to further the dialogue needed for change. Adopted by world leaders in the year 2000 and set to be achieved by 2015, the MDGs are both global and local, tailored by each country to suit specific development needs.They provide a textile for the entire international community to work together towards a common end making sure that human development reaches everyone, everywhere. If these goals are achieved, world poverty will be cut in half, tens of millions of lives will be saved, and billions more people will have the opportunity to benefit from the global economy. The MDGs are evident in the national planning framework. The revised National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper has adopted a holistic approach to reduce poverty and improve other social indicators to achieve the MDGs, with special attention to the lagging regions. Overall Bangladeshs progress might be slow, but in some sector like child mortality, improvement of maternity health, primary education etc has the desist progress.So it is a positive sign that we can achieve the goals, might not in 2015 but in near rising definitely. Bibliography * https//www. google. com/search? num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=593&q=mdg&oq=mdg&gs_l=img. 3 1994. 2403. 0. 2934. 3. 3. 0. 0. 0. 0. 205. 276. 1j0j1. 2. 0 0. 0 1ac. 1. DQ5fVJymYv8 * https//www. google. com/search? num=10&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=593&q=mdg&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw&ei=SlGzUPjhNsTQrQfh5YCY Cg * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals * http//www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview. html * https//www. google. com/hl=en&tbo=d&output=search&scl